What does a VPN do

A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, creates a protected connection between a device and the internet. It routes internet traffic through a secure intermediary, which helps control how data travels across networks. This process can change how online activity appears to external systems. VPNs are commonly used to manage privacy, security, and network access. What … Read more

How browsers protect privacy

Browsers include built-in features designed to protect user privacy while browsing the web. These features limit how websites can collect data and help control what information is shared. Privacy protection is an essential part of modern browser design. Most privacy protections work automatically, without requiring action from the user. What this actually means in practice … Read more

What permissions apps can request

Applications can request permissions to access specific features or data on a device. These permissions allow apps to function correctly and provide expected features. Without permissions, many applications would not be able to perform basic tasks. Permissions are requested explicitly so users can control what apps are allowed to access. What this actually means in … Read more

How HTTPS works

HTTPS is a secure version of the standard web communication protocol. It protects data exchanged between a user’s browser and a website by encrypting it. This helps prevent unauthorized access during transmission. HTTPS is widely used across the web to ensure privacy, data integrity, and secure communication. What this actually means in practice When you … Read more

What is encryption

Encryption is a method used to protect data by converting it into a form that cannot be easily understood. It ensures that information can only be read by authorized parties. Encryption is widely used to protect data during storage and transmission. This process helps keep information confidential, even if it is intercepted or accessed without … Read more

How cookies work

Cookies work by storing small pieces of information in a user’s browser and sending them back to a website when needed. This allows websites to remember certain details between visits and interactions. Cookies are a basic mechanism used to maintain continuity during web browsing. They operate automatically as part of normal browser and website communication. … Read more

What are cookies

Cookies are small pieces of data stored by websites in a user’s browser. They are used to remember information between visits and interactions. Cookies help websites function correctly and provide consistent user experiences. Cookies do not run programs or access files. They simply store limited information related to a website. What this actually means in … Read more

What data websites can see

Websites can see certain technical information when you visit them. This data helps websites deliver content correctly, maintain security, and improve functionality. It does not usually include personal identity details unless you provide them directly. Most of the data websites see is related to how your device connects and interacts with the site. What this … Read more

How hardware ages over time

Hardware ages over time as its components are used and exposed to operating conditions. This aging process is gradual and affects performance, reliability, and efficiency. It happens even when devices are used normally and cared for properly. Aging does not mean hardware suddenly stops working. Instead, it slowly changes how components behave over extended periods. … Read more

How laptop batteries work

Laptop batteries provide portable power that allows computers to operate without being plugged into an outlet. They store electrical energy and release it gradually to supply the system while it is in use. This makes laptops usable in a wide range of environments. Batteries are designed to balance capacity, safety, and lifespan while delivering consistent … Read more